11/12/2022 0 Comments Urdu inpage typewriter![]() He also devised methods for teaching Nasta?l?q and specified clear proportional rules for it, which many could follow. Kalhor modified and adapted Nasta?l?q to be easily used with printing machines, which in turn helped wide dissemination of his transcripts. The current practice of Nasta?l?q is, however, heavily based on Mirza Reza Kalhor's technique. It is believed that Nasta?l?q reached its highest elegance in Mir Emad's works. Nasta?l?q thrived, and many prominent calligraphers contributed to its splendor and beauty. ![]() Another theory holds that the name Nasta?l?q means "that which abrogated ( naskh) Ta?l?q". Hence, it was originally called Nas?-Ta?l?q. Apparently, Mir Ali Tabrizi (14th century) developed Nasta?l?q by combining two existing scripts of Nas? and Ta?l?q. The content is thus of less significance and not clearly accessible.Īfter the Islamic conquest of Persia, the Iranian Persian people adopted the Perso-Arabic script, and the art of Persian calligraphy flourished in Iran as territories of the former Persian empire. In Siah-Mashq, repeating a few letters or words (sometimes even one) virtually inks the whole panel. Siah-Mashq ("black drill") panels, however, communicate via composition and form, rather than content. A Chalipa ("cross", in Persian) panel usually consists of four diagonal hemistiches (half-lines) of poetry, clearly signifying a moral, ethical or poetic concept. Two important forms of Nasta?l?q panels are Chalipa and Siah-Mashq. The nib of a qalam can be split in the middle to facilitate ink absorption. It is written using a piece of trimmed reed with a tip of 5-10 mm (0.2-0.4 in), called qalam ("pen", in Arabic and Persian ?), and carbon ink, named davat. It has short verticals with no serifs, and long horizontal strokes. Nasta?l?q is amongst the most fluid calligraphy styles for the Arabic alphabet. ![]() "suspending "), it was also beloved by Ottoman calligraphers who developed the Diwani ( divanî) and Ruqah ( r?k'a) styles from it. The languages of Iran (Western Persian, Azeri, Balochi, Kurdi, Luri, etc.), Afghanistan (Dari, Pashto, Uzbek, Turkmen, etc.), Pakistan (Punjabi, Urdu, Kashmiri, Saraiki, etc.), and the Turkic Uyghur language of the Chinese province of Xinjiang, rely on Nasta?l?q. Nasta?l?q is the core script of the post-Sassanid Persian writing tradition, and is equally important in the areas under its cultural influence. Nasta?l?q was historically used for writing Ottoman Turkish, where it was known as tâlik (not to be confused with a totally different Persian style, also called ta?l?q to distinguish the two, Ottomans referred to the latter as ta?l?q-i qadim, "old ta?l?q"). Nasta?l?q has extensively been (and still is) practised in Iran, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art.Ī less elaborate version of Nasta?l?q serves as the preferred style for writing in Kashmiri, Punjabi and Urdu, and it is often used alongside Naskh for Pashto. ![]() It is sometimes used to write Arabic-language text (where it is known as Ta?liq or Persian and is mainly used for titles and headings), but its use has always been more popular in the Persian, Turkic and Urdu sphere of influence. It was developed in Iran in the 14th and 15th centuries.
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